Product Literature & Links

RS 3400 Product Brochure (Model 2019)

Please click link below to view brochure.

Domestic United States

International

RS 3400 Product Brochure (Model 2021)

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Domestic United States

International

RS 3400 Accessories Brochures

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Rs3400 Cannister

RS 3400 Syringe Holder

Useful Industry Links

Preventing a Dirty Bomb: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

Preventing a Dirty Bomb: Case Studies and Lessons Learned tells the stories of major urban areas and institutions in the United States that have made the decision to remove and replace medical and research devices containing cesium-137 with equally effective alternatives that do not pose the security risks associated with high-activity radiological materials.

Laura S. H. Holgate, Ambassador (ret.)
Vice President, Materials Risk Management
October 1, 2019

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21

CDRH stands for the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products.

Literature & References

Why Non-nuclear over Ultraviolet Irradiation?

It’s 2016, Non-nuclear Irradiation is a modern technology compared to UV (Ultraviolet) Irradiation technology that is not as effective. Since 1997 we are leading the industry with Non-nuclear Irradiation supporting many industries such as medical, universities, laboratories, food and more! Our products are shipped and deployed around the world to provide a better method for irradiation.

A Sample of Rad Source Customers

What is Ionizing Radiation?

Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that are energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, ionizing them.

Two of the most common forms of ionizing radiation are gamma rays and x-rays. Both forms of ionizing radiation are almost identical with exception to their source of origination.

How is Ionizing Radiation Generated?

Ionizing radiation comes from radioactive sources such as cobalt 60 and cesium 137 and non-radioactive sources such as x-ray tubes. Radioactive sources are unstable materials where gamma rays originate from the nucleus. x-rays originate in the electron fields surrounding the nucleus or are machine-produced.

What is Ionizing Radiation Used for?

Because of the penetrating properties of ionizing radiation and their ability to kill microorganisms, ionizing radiation is used to sterilize or reduce the microbial load of many different types of products such as medical devices, packaging, cosmetics, foods, and agricultural products. It is also used to alter the properties of many different polymers through recombination, cross-linkage, and cross scission.

Why use x-ray versus gamma produced Ionizing radiation?

Gamma ionizing radiation is produced by radioactive sources such as cobalt 60 or cesium 137 and is dangerous requiring heavy shielding and high levels of security to protect. The unstable material is constantly decaying and cannot be turned off. x-ray ionizing radiation is produced by a x-ray tube therefore it can be turned off when it is not being used and it requires much less shielding. At the end the of unit’s lifecycle, the unit does not have any radioactive source and therefore does not require the expensive disposal costs associated with radioactive sources that continue to degrade over hundreds of years.

Does the RS 3400 require external cooling?

No, the RS 3400 uses a self-contained water to air exchange system.

Is the RS 3400 Blood Irradiator cleared by the FDA for GVHD?

Yes, the RS 3400 was cleared by the USFDA for marketing for the irradiation of blood for the prevention of graft verses host disease (GVHD).

How does the RS 3400 differ from other x-ray irradiators?

The RS 3400 is designed to have the blood bags rotate around the Quastar™ x-ray emitter using our patented carousel and therefore delivers superior uniformity.
Unlike other x-ray blood irradiators, the RS 3400 is completely self-contained and requires no external water supply for tube cooling.
The RS 3400 is engineered for extreme reliability as it uses the proven Quastar™ x-ray emitter.
The RS 3400 has only ONE x-ray tube and ONE power supply.

How does the RS 3400 differ from a Cs-137 gamma irradiator??

The RS 3400 uses a Rad Source patented Quastar™ x-ray emitter and therefore contains NO radioactive isotopes. It can be turned on and off, similar to a light bulb. As a result, there is no Nuclear Site License, Homeland Security issues, or room shielding requirements.

Abstract
Purpose: To use NanoDot dosimeters to study the RS 2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator dosimetry characteristics and perform in vivo dosimetry for cell or small animal experiments. Methods and materials: We first calibrated the Landauer NanoDot™ Reader by irradiating some NanoDot dosimeters with a set of known doses at specific positions defined by the irradiator. A group of five NanoDot dosimeters were placed at five specific positions where the dose rates were known and provided by the irradiator. Each group was irradiated for a set of times respectively. By correlating the readings of dosimeters with the given irradiated doses, we established the dose-reading relationship for the irradiator under the specific running condition. The established calibration curve was validated by exposing arbitrary known doses to a set of dosimeters, using the Landauer NanoDot™ Reader to measure the doses, and then making the comparison between the two doses. To study the dose gradient of the X-ray inside the irradiated target (dose variation/cm), we placed dosimeters under different thicknesses of water-equivalent bolus and irradiated them, then measured the doses to determine the dose gradient. Results: Using the method described above, we were able to calibrate the Landauer InLight NanoDot™ Reader and use NanoDot dosimeters to measure the actual doses delivered to the targets for the cell/small animal experiments that use the RS 2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator. Conclusions: NanoDots are ideal dosimeters to use for in vivo dosimetry for cell/small animal irradiation experiments. The dose decrease inside the animal tissue is about 20% per cm.

Int J Radiat Biol. 2013 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
Using NanoDot dosimetry to study the RS 2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator.
Lu L, Bondra K, Gupta N, Sommerfeld J, Chronowski C, Leasure J, Singh M, Pelloski CE.

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Source
Wexner Medical Center, The Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio , USA.

Website
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23786571

Product Literature & Links

RS 3400 Product Brochure (Model 2019)

Please click link below to view brochure.

RS 3400 Product Brochure (Model 2021)

Please click link below to view brochure.

RS 3400 Accessories Brochures

Please click link below to view brochure.

Useful Industry Links

Preventing a Dirty Bomb: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21

Literature & References

A Sample of Rad Source Customers

General Questions

What is Ionizing Radiation?

How is Ionizing Radiation Generated?

What is Ionizing Radiation Used for?

Why use x-ray versus gamma produced Ionizing radiation?

Does the RS 3400 require external cooling?

Is the RS 3400 Blood Irradiator cleared by the FDA for GVHD?

How does the RS 3400 differ from other x-ray irradiators?

How does the RS 3400 differ from a Cs-137 gamma irradiator??

Using Nanodot Dosimetry to Study the RS 2000 X-Ray Biological Irradiator

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